The Role of Migration in Health, Zoonoses and One- Health Concept

Eseroghene Cecilia Adegor

Abstract

Migration, also termed the seasonal movement of birds, animals and people from one location to another, has a major impact in population dynamics. This can have an impact in spreading of zoonotic diseases, integrating the One-Health idea in the dissemination of illnesses across animals, people, and the environment. This study conducted a systematic literature review using databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Medline and a popular web search engine, Google Scholar, to access peer reviewed journals related to migration, its role in health, zoonoses and one-health. The keywords searched for were migration, zoonoses and one-health. The search reviewed articles from 2011 to 2023. Search results showed that migration was interposed in humans, animals and the environment. Many viral diseases, including Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Coronavirus disease have been traced back to animals. One Health aims to shed more light on understanding better, variables that contribute to the transfer of disease carrying pathogens between animals and people, including creating solutions to prevent and control these diseases at their sources. Migration therefore, is an integral aspect of population dynamics, the propagation of diseases that are zoonotic and the concept of One Health.

Keywords: Health, Migration, One-health, Zoonoses

Communication Convergence: Cross cutting the Linguistic and Technological Spaces

Iyabode Omolara Akewo Nwabueze

Abstract

Communication is an important part of the human relationship. Without communication, there is really no relationship. This paper looks at how convergence takes place at three different points – communication, content  and computing. These come together to provide communication convergence. This paper dissects each section identified above and how they help to bring together the process of communication and keep the world together. It identifies the Generation Z as being at the fore front of the convergence process in terms of how the participants, contents and computing come together to bring the world into a closer relationship in what is sometimes referred to as globalisation. It also looks at the way communication convergence has led to broken down borders and encouraged the interaction of actors across platforms and through diverse contents. It argues, however, that the same convergence of the communication devices and contents could become negative in their effects if not used cautiously and wisely. Thus, it becomes pertinent to conclude that the way communication convergence helps us to live out within the global community is not just in terms of the interconnectedness of our world but also in learning to use the communication convergence instruments in a responsible manner, whether as creators or users of the communication contents.

Keywords: Communication convergence, Contents, Creators/Consumers, Computing, Generation Z, Virtual migration 

Re-skilling Science Teachers to Promote Inclusive Technology Integration and Productive Employment in Ogun State, Nigeria

Olubusayo Foluso Adebusuyi

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of re-skilling science teachers on fostering inclusive and productive employment that will improve students’ performance. One of the pivotal dimensions of this research is its emphasis on inclusivity in teachers’ instructional practices. In an era characterised by diverse student populations, re-skilling initiatives that cater for educators from various backgrounds, fostering a more representative teaching force is imperative. By adopting an ex post facto design through a quantitative approach, surveys, and classroom observation checklists were used to rate teachers and students to identify the existing gaps in science education and illuminate the potential solutions for equitable access to quality learning. Data were collected from 90 teachers before and after a professional development programme held in Ogun state, Nigeria. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and structural equation modelling (SEM). Results indicated that teachers in the experimental group scored higher than their counterparts in the other group in technology integration in their instructional practices. The outcome of this research provides insights to inform policy decisions, curricular reforms, and teacher training programs on an international scale. By shedding light on effective re-skilling strategies and the symbiotic relationship between science education and employment opportunities, this study contributes to a more inclusive, skilled, and adaptable global workforce.

Keywords: Inclusive, Instructional Practices, Re-skilling, Teachers, Workforce

Socio-Political Realities in Nigeria and Brain Drain Migration: Implication for Human Security and National Development

Emmanuel Ugbedeojo Ameh, Titus Aliyu, Osolafia Muhammed Egye

Abstract

This paper explores the socio-political realities in Nigeria and their connection to brain drain migration; it also examines the implications for human security and national development. Nigeria, as a country with immense potential, has been grappling with various socio-political challenges, including corruption, political instability, ethnic tensions, and inadequate infrastructure. These realities have contributed to a significant brain drain phenomenon, where skilled professionals and intellectuals are leaving the country in search of better opportunities abroad. The paper investigates the underlying causes of brain drain migration in Nigeria, analyses how socio-political factors influence individuals’ decisions to emigrate and the implication of brain drain migration on human security and national development. The paper adopts the dependency theory, human security approach and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as its theoretical framework. These theories provide useful frameworks for understanding and addressing the socio political realities in Nigeria and their implications for brain drain migration, human security, and national development. The findings of the study reveal that Nigeria faces various socio-political difficulties that contribute to the migration of skilled individuals. These difficulties encompass factors such as political instability, corruption, insufficient infrastructure, restricted availability of high-quality education and healthcare, ethnic and religious tensions, and insecurity. The paper concludes with the notion that addressing the socio-political realities in Nigeria and mitigating brain drain migration is crucial for ensuring human security and fostering national development. It recommends that the government must prioritise good governance, transparency, and accountability to combat corruption and create an enabling environment for socio economic growth.

Keywords: Brain drain migration, Human Security, Migration, National Development, Socio-political.

Assessment of 2022 Africa Refugees Seeking Asylums in Nigeria under UNHCR’S Mandate

Taiwo Philip Orebiyi, Abdullahi Adamu & Charles Omotola Olusanya

Abstract

This study examined the 2022 Africa Refugees Seeking Asylums in Nigeria Under UNHCR’s Mandate. Secondary data was sourced from UNHCR websites with a data frame on 2022 Africa refugees under UNHCR’s mandate seeking asylums in Nigeria. Data captured states in Africa from where displacement originated and concurrently seeking asylum in Nigeria. Pearson correlation and frequency counts were used for the statistical analysis. Findings show that Pearson correlation coefficient of the relationship between UNHCR refugees and asylum seekers in Nigeria is 0.74 which implies that there is a positive relationship between refugees under UNHCR’s mandate and asylum-seekers in Nigeria. Likewise, Central Africa from where Cameroon (CMR) is a member has highest number of refugees seeking asylum in Nigeria. Nigeria has shown a commendable gesture in the context of diplomatic relations guaranteeing freedom of movement for refugees and giving them the right to work under the law. Efforts should be intensified to create a strong synergy between the government and other stakeholders in providing sustainable system for asylum seekers in Nigeria. Likewise, asylum seekers should be guided on the process of coming into Nigeria. Further studies should therefore focus on asylum in other Africa states.

Keywords: Asylums, Displacement, Refugees, States, UNHCR

A Sociological Analysis of The Impact of Roman Catholic Social Teachings on Human Development in Makurdi Diocese, Benue State

Erdoo Akighir, David Terfaa Akighir

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of the Roman Catholic Church’s social teachings on human development in Makurdi Diocese of Benue State, Nigeria. It employed a qualitative research design using both primary and secondary data sources. The primary data were collected using oral interviews. The Directors and Coordinators of Education and Health institutions as well as the Heads of Schools and Hospitals/Clinics in Makurdi Diocese were interviewed. Secondary data were sourced from literary works such as books, journals, internet sources and various directories. Using descriptive and analytical tools, the study found that Makurdi Diocese has been actively involved in human development especially in terms of educational provision and health care delivery services. Makurdi Diocese has established 49 schools and 9 health institutions. The educational institutions in the diocese have annual average students’ enrollment of 8,235 students, while the health facilities in the diocese have an average daily attendance of 150 patients across the facilities. The study made the following recommendations. First, the Catholic Church in Makurdi Diocese should consolidate on her social teachings and continue to make improvements to ensure that the intended benefits of her human development strides get to the target population in line with the Church’s principle of the subsidiarity. Second, the diocese should strive to make health care delivery services available to the various Local Governments under her coverage to ensure easy accessibility of health care services especially in the rural areas among others.

Keywords: Human Development, Makurdi Diocese, Roman Catholic, Social Teaching, Sociological

Women’s Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Abortion among IDPs in Benue State, Nigeria

Terkaa Benedict Iornyagh, Tavershima Abraham Agwaza

 Abstract

It is estimated that about 73 million abortions are carried out yearly worldwide. Regrettable, 45%, which is more than half of the global estimates are performed unsafely and what is more, 97% of these unsafe abortions take place in developing countries. This study sought to examine knowledge, attitude, and practice of abortion among internally displaced women (IDW) in Benue state, Nigeria. The study examined the liberal, conservative and the natural law theory of abortion. A cross sectional study with a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 560 displaced adults, and a total of 15 displaced elderly men and women as well as health workers were selected as key informants for the study. Findings of the study revealed that majority, 72.86% women had some knowledge of abortion. There was a general disapproval of abortion practice by IDPs women with a magnitude of 77.50% of the total population and the study however discovered that there was high practice of abortion among displaced women particularly the young girls in Benue State. The study concluded if proper education is not taken to IDPs; behaviour change is not modified and encouraged; contraceptive use is not introduced, abortion will one day hold sway among IDPs. Therefore, the researcher recommended adequate sensitisation about the implications of unsafe abortion. There should be more orientation to dissuade the use of abortion and rather encourage contraceptive use to reduce unintended pregnancies and their attendant need for induced abortion.

Keywords: Abortion, Attitude, Internally Displaced Persons, Knowledge, Practice.

Open, Distance and e-Learning (ODeL): A Panacea for the Administration of Education in Emergencies in Nigeria

Victor Olugbenga Ayoko, Olusegun Ayoko

Abstract

The level of trauma associated with national emergencies oftentimes is dependent on the response of the government and the people. When an emergency strikes a country, a responsible government usually adopts innovative measures to mitigate and adapt to the negative effects of the phenomenon. Access to quality and decent learning opportunities and a more conducive teaching-learning environment during emergencies is crucial not only to equip learners with adequate knowledge and competencies but also to prevent vulnerabilities to; school dropout, child marriage, exploitation, child labour, violence, human trafficking, poverty, ignorance and diseases. This conceptual paper looks at issues historically and holistically by sourcing secondary data from both print and online resources to address issues using descriptive case study to position Open, Distance and eLearning (ODeL) as an innovative method for effective delivery of quality education in emergencies (EiE). The study concludes that integration of ODeL into the existing national policy on education for conflict, insecure and emergency regions could play a cost-effective and transformative role in improving accessibility, continuity, flexibility and quality education-in-emergency. It was suggested that more studies need to be carried out to better understand the roles of emerging technological advancements and their proper management and application in the teaching and learning cycle in both emergency and stable situations.

Keywords: Distance, Education, Emergency, Insecurity, Covid-19

Quote: ‘I Truly Believe That Education is the Antidote for Ignorance, Poverty and War’
– M. Jimenez. Arizona State University Lodestar Centre for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Innovation, 2018.

Climate Change and Forced Migration in Lake Chad

Taofik Oyewo Hussain

Abstract

Lake Chad, a once vast and bountiful waterbody, has undergone significant shrinkage over recent decades, witnessing major reduction of its original expanse. This study explored the multifaceted challenges faced by the lake and its adjacent communities, delving into the intricate interplay climate change, human activities, and socio-economic repercussions. Through a combination of historical data analysis, comparative evaluations with other global regions, and detailed narratives of affected communities, we discerned the pivotal role of erratic precipitation patterns, rising temperatures, and heightened evaporation rates in the lake’s decline. The ramifications of these ecological shifts resonate deeply within local communities, impacting agriculture, fishing, and traditional livelihoods, subsequently catalysing forced migration patterns. Yet, amid these challenges lies the resilience and adaptability of the affected communities. This paper illuminates potential international, national, and grassroots interventions, emphasising transboundary water management, infrastructural advancements, and community-led initiatives. Lake Chad’s story emerges as an urgent testament to the broader challenges of global climate change, underscoring the need for proactive, collaborative action to forge a sustainable path forward. Adelekan, Ibidun, Cassidy Johnson, Mtafu Manda, David Matyas, Blessing U. Mberu, Susan Parnell, Mark Pelling, David Satterthwaite, and Janani Vivekananda. ‘Disaster Risk and Its Reduction: An Agenda for Urban Africa’. International Development Planning Review 37, no. 1 (1 January 2015): 33–43.

Keywords: Adaptive livelihoods, Climate Change, Drought, Forced Migration, Lake Chad Basin

Banditry and Forced Migration: Implication on Children Education and Peacebuilding in Kaduna State (2017-2022)

Elisha Mallam Duchi, Taiwo Philip Orebiyi

Abstract

Contemporary threats to national security amongst which is banditry had led to perpetration of violence and consequent forced migration of rural communities from their habitual place of residence. Insecurity had forced the closure of schools either through population displacement and utilisation of schools as forced migrant camps; despite the deployment of military personnel. The study investigated factors sustaining banditry activities; consequences of banditry on forced migration and out-of-school children; effects of forced migration and out-of-school children on peacebuilding. The study used qualitative data approach with secondary data analysis. It was revealed that, scholarly discourse indicated prevalent commonality of sustainable factors reinforcing displacement and educational inaccessibility. Government dearth of constructive response in addressing the problem of ungoverned spaces, farmers/herders dispute, poverty/unemployment, illiteracy, injustice, global/domestic sponsorship of banditry had been the catalyst worsening the situation. Banditry triggering forced migration had aggravated out-of-school children issue, with already 20 million added to 35% illiterates among adult population in Nigeria. It concluded that, national dreams of African and global power status are only attainable through addressing collective national insecurities such as illiteracy, poverty and unemployment, which are the catalyst. The study suggested the need to address commonality of factors ungoverned spaces, through relocation of security forces institutions/establishment to occupy the ungoverned spaces through increased military presence, constructive exploitation of human/material resources, training of local vigilante groups for community’s resilience and effective response to violence.

Keywords: Banditry, Forced-Migration, Children-Education, Peacebuilding

An Investigation of Immigrants’ Contributions to Food Production and Community Development in Uhonmora Ora, Edo State, Nigeria

Henry Usiobaifo Agbebaku, Enesi Chukwuemeka Majebi

Abstract

Recent studies have investigated the impact of immigrants on community development, but there are only limited studies that focus on internal immigrants in a destination like Nigeria where there is evidence of intercity migration associated with agricultural activities and food production. Like many Nigerian communities, Uhonmora has witnessed an influx of immigrants from adjoining states that impact the community’s agricultural value chain. This study evaluates the contributions of immigrants in the Uhonmora community, Edo State, Nigeria to food production and community development. Data were obtained from the 8 quarters within the community where most of the immigrants reside, work, and recreate. A total of 300 usable questionnaires were administered to the immigrants and residents out of 330 copies. Thus, 37 copies of the questionnaire were administered in each of the quarters while the remaining 4 copies were administered to key community stakeholders including the head of the community, chairmen of development levy and disciplinary committees, and the public relations officer. The mixed method approach and chi square statistical analysis were used for the study. The chi-square (X), at 7 degrees of freedom and 0.05% significant level = 14.067 revealed that tc<tt 3.74 is less than the theoretical value of 14.067. The study revealed that a high influx of immigrants in the Uhonmora-Ora community has a significant increase in food production and socioeconomic development (trading activities, job opportunities, tourism, and provision of amenities). Nonetheless, the increasing population of immigrants in the community has implications for collaborative community planning to guide against the proliferation of unplanned land uses that negate the principles of sustainable development. The study recommends that similar studies be conducted in other Nigerian agrarian communities experiencing the influx of immigrants to unravel the challenges and prospects of accomplishing any or the combination of the aims of sustainable development goals.

Keywords: Immigrants, Food production, Community development, Sustainable development