Abstract
This study, titled Forced Displacement in Benue State, Nigeria: An Examination of Underlying Causes and Proposals for Sustainable Peace and Coexistence, explores the key drivers and consequences of forced displacement in conflict-affected local government areas (LGAs) of Guma, Logo, Gwer West, and Agatu. A descriptive survey design was employed, allowing for the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data from internally displaced persons (IDPs), host community members, local leaders, and humanitarian workers. A sample size of 400 was drawn from a projected population of 1,008,053 using Taro Yamane’s formula, with 362 valid responses retrieved. Structured questionnaires and key informant interviews were used for data collection. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative inputs. Findings indicate that land resource competition, ethnic and religious tensions, political interference, and inadequate government response are key causes of displacement. The identified impacts include disruption of social services, economic hardship, psychological trauma, and pressure on host communities. Proposed strategies for sustainable peace and coexistence include community-led dialogue, improved security, strengthened land resource governance, and support for alternative livelihoods. Notably, thematic insights from respondents highlight the urgent need for clear land use policies, timely government intervention, inter-ethnic collaboration, and the empowerment of local peace structures. The study concludes that a holistic, inclusive, and multi-level approach is essential for addressing the root causes of displacement and building lasting peace in Benue State. The study recommends, among other things, that the Benue state Governor should collaborate with the Institute of Peace and Conflict Resolution to strengthen conflict prevention mechanisms and improve early warning systems, promote community dialogue, and support traditional and local institutions in resolving disputes before they escalate into violence.
Keywords: Benue State, Conflict Causes, Forced Displacement, Sustainable Peace and Peaceful Coexistence
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